{"id":5172,"date":"2025-07-20T01:10:55","date_gmt":"2025-07-19T16:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sky-peace.net\/?p=5172"},"modified":"2025-07-20T01:10:55","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T16:10:55","slug":"icmp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sky-peace.net\/certified\/icmp\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u30fb\u9ad8\u5ea6IT\u8a66\u9a13\u5bfe\u7b56\u3011IP\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u300c\u76ee\u3068\u8033\u300d\u3092\u5b66\u3076\uff01ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u30fb\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u30fb\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30fb\u6d3b\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u8aac"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\uff01\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u7f85\u5217\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304cIP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u9762\u767d\u3055\u306b\u76ee\u899a\u3081\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u5148\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6IT\u8a66\u9a13\u3078\u3068\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306b\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u7f85\u91dd\u76e4\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u304c\u76ee\u6307\u3059\uff13\u3064\u306e\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u300c\u306a\u305c\uff1f\u300d\u3092\u6df1\u6398\u308a\u3059\u308b\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong> \u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u306a\u305c\u3053\u306e\u6280\u8853\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u554f\u3044\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3092\u523a\u6fc0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u300c\u899a\u3048\u308b\u300d\u3092\u300c\u7d0d\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u5de5\u592b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3082\u3001\u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u4f8b\u3048\u8a71\u3084\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u306e\u30b3\u30c4\u300d\u3092\u4ea4\u3048\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u304a\u624b\u4f1d\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<sup><a id=\"note-1-back\" href=\"\/certified\/#note-1\">\u203b1<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u300c\u5408\u683c\u300d\u306e\u5148\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u6210\u9577\u300d\u3092\u652f\u63f4\uff1a<\/strong> \u8a66\u9a13\u5408\u683c\u306f\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304cIT\u6280\u8853\u3092\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u3073\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30a2\u3092\u5207\u308a\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u601d\u8003\u529b\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5b9f\u8df5\u529b\u300d\u3092\u80b2\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>&#x1f4d6; \u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u9032\u3081\u65b9\uff1a\u3042\u306a\u305f\u3068\u79c1\u306e\u300c\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u696d\u300d<\/h4>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u79c1\uff08AI\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3068\u3042\u306a\u305f\uff08\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\uff09\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u6b69\u305a\u3064\u5171\u306b\u4f5c\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5404\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u300c\u8349\u6848\u300d\u3092\u79c1\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u300c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u300d\u300c\u3053\u3093\u306a\u4f8b\u3048\u8a71\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u300d\u300c\u3053\u3053\u306e\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u304c\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6700\u9069\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3055\u3042\u3001\u4e00\u7dd2\u306bIP\u3068\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u5965\u6df1\u3044\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u63a2\u691c\u3057\u3001\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5192\u967a\u306e\u65c5\u306b\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<p class=\"footnote\">\u203b1: \u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u6cbf\u3044\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u7bc4\u306aIT\u77e5\u8b58\u3078\u306e\u8208\u5473\u3092\u559a\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u76db\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a66\u9a13\u8981\u7db1Ver.5.4\u306e\u6539\u8a02\u5c65\u6b74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u7528\u8a9e\u898b\u76f4\u3057\uff0823, 34\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\u3084\u5348\u5f8c\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u6539\u8a02\uff0834, 35\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\u304c\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3082\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001\u9069\u5b9c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002[cite: 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66]<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30c0\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u300c\u7e01\u306e\u4e0b\u306e\u529b\u6301\u3061\u300dICMP\u3068\u300c\u9053\u6848\u5185\u5f79\u300dTraceroute<\/h3>\n<p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u898b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u753b\u3092\u8996\u8074\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3068\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u3053\u3068\u304c\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3088\u306d\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u88cf\u5074\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u5c4a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u554f\u984c\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300cIP\uff08Internet Protocol\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002IP\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u306e\u4f4f\u6240\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u300cIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5834\u6240\u306b\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u90f5\u4fbf\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306e\u300c\u3042\u3066\u5148\u300d\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5c01\u7b52\u3092\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u90f5\u4fbf\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u8ff7\u5b50\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5c4a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9001\u3063\u305f\u306f\u3044\u3044\u3051\u308c\u3069\u76f8\u624b\u304c\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3066\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u3082\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3093\u306a\u6642\u3001\u300c\u4f55\u304b\u304a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u305e\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3001\u554f\u984c\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u7a81\u304d\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u624b\u52a9\u3051\u3092\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u300c\u7e01\u306e\u4e0b\u306e\u529b\u6301\u3061\u300d\u3068\u300c\u9053\u6848\u5185\u5f79\u300d\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u4e3b\u5f79\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300cICMP\uff08Internet Control Message Protocol\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300cTraceroute\uff08\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\uff09\u300d\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<p>ICMP\u306f\u3001IP\u901a\u4fe1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u5831\u544a\u3084\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u8a3a\u65ad\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u308b\u3067\u3001\u90f5\u4fbf\u5c40\u304c\u300c\u3042\u3066\u5148\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u623b\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3088\u300d\u300c\u8377\u7269\u304c\u91cd\u3059\u304e\u3066\u9001\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3088\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u9023\u7d61\u3092\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u3084\u9ad8\u5ea6IT\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u5348\u524d\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306eICMP\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3084\u305d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u554f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3088 [cite: 12]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u3067\u8fbf\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u8377\u7269\u304c\u300c\u4eca\u3001\u3069\u306e\u4e2d\u7d99\u5730\u70b9\u3092\u901a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059 [cite: 12]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6d3b\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u307e\u3067\u3092\u3001\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u4f8b\u3048\u8a71\u3084\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u4ea4\u3048\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u3058\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3042\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u300c\u306a\u305c\uff1f\u300d\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u89e3\u304d\u660e\u304b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u7d50\u8ad6\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\uff1aIP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u3068Traceroute\u3092\u4e00\u8a00\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u307e\u305a\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\u300d\u304b\u3089\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308bICMP\u3068Traceroute\u3082\u3001\u4e00\u8a00\u3067\u8868\u3059\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u30b0\u30c3\u3068\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f30d; ICMP\uff1aIP\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u8a3a\u65ad\u58eb\uff06\u7dca\u6025\u9023\u7d61\u54e1\u300d<\/h4>\n<p>ICMP\uff08Internet Control Message Protocol\uff09\u306f\u3001IP\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u8a3a\u65ad\u58eb\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u300c\u7dca\u6025\u9023\u7d61\u54e1\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u9001\u53d7\u4fe1\u4e2d\u306b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8a3a\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u9001\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Web\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u6642\u3001ICMP\u304c\u300c\u3042\u3066\u5148\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff01\u300d\u3068\u304b\u300c\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u767a\u751f\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u63a2\u308b\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300c<strong>I<\/strong>&#8216;m <strong>C<\/strong>ommunication <strong>M<\/strong>essage <strong>P<\/strong>roblem!\uff08\u901a\u4fe1\u554f\u984c\u3060\uff01\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u4f55\u304b\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u53eb\u3076\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u899a\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u982d\u306b\u5165\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002P\u306f\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3042\u3048\u3066\u300cProblem\u300d\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u899a\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f5fa;&#xfe0f; Traceroute\uff1aIP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u300c\u7d4c\u8def\u63a2\u5075\u300d<\/h4>\n<p>Traceroute\uff08\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\uff09\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u3001IP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u306e\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304b\u3089\u5b9b\u5148\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4e2d\u7d99\u6a5f\u5668\uff09\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3057\u3066\u5c4a\u304f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u7d4c\u8def\u63a2\u5075\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u901a\u904e\u3057\u305f\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304c\u9806\u756a\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u300c\u3042\u3001\u3053\u306e\u533a\u9593\u3067\u9045\u5ef6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u300d\u300c\u3053\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u901a\u4fe1\u304c\u6b62\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u554f\u984c\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u512a\u308c\u3082\u306e\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300c<strong>Trace<\/strong>\uff08\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\uff09\uff0b <strong>Route<\/strong>\uff08\u7d4c\u8def\uff09\u300d\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059\u306d\uff01\u307e\u308b\u3067\u63a2\u5075\u304c\u8db3\u8de1\u3092\u8fbf\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u300c\u8ffd\u8de1\uff08Trace\uff09\u300d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7d4c\u8def\uff08Route\uff09\u300d\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3068\u899a\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\u300d\u3092\u982d\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6df1\u6398\u308a\u89e3\u8aac\u304c\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\uff01<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u5927\u56f3\u89e3\uff1aICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u3068\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f<\/h3>\n<p>ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u304c\u3001IP\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u3092\u300c\u56f3\u89e3\u300d\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u5404\u5c64\u3068\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.1 \u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bIP\u3068ICMP\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h4>\n<p>IP\uff08Internet Protocol\uff09\u306f\u3001OSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u7b2c3\u5c64\u300c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\u300d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u300c\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u7d4c\u8def\u9078\u629e\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30c3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u4f4f\u6240\u4ed8\u3051\uff09\u300d\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3069\u3053\u3078\u5411\u304b\u3046\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4f4f\u6240\uff08IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\uff09\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304cIP\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001ICMP\uff08Internet Control Message Protocol\uff09\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306eIP\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u300c\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u306a\u300d\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002IP\u306f\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u51e6\u7406\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u7ba1\u7406\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001ICMP\u304cIP\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3084\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u901a\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3044\u308f\u3070\u3001IP\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u914d\u9054\u54e1\u300d\u304c\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001ICMP\u304c\u300c\u9023\u7d61\u4fc2\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u56f3\u89e3\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u756a\u4e0b\u306b\u300c\u7269\u7406\u5c64\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u5c64\u300d\u3068\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u300c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001IP\u3068ICMP\u304c\u4e26\u5217\u3067\u63cf\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u4e2d\u306bICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30ab\u30d7\u30bb\u30eb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u904b\u3070\u308c\u308b\u69d8\u5b50\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3.2 ICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3068\u5f79\u5272\uff1a\u7dca\u6025\u9023\u7d61\u7c3f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u65b9<\/h4>\n<p>ICMP\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u3082\u3088\u304f\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u304c\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u300c\u611f\u60c5\u300d\u3084\u300c\u72b6\u6cc1\u300d\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u60f3\u50cf\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u306b\u304f\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\uff01<\/p>\n<ul>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<li><strong>Echo Request \/ Echo Reply (Type 8 \/ Type 0)<\/strong>[cite: 298]:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5f79\u5272\uff1a<\/strong> \u901a\u4fe1\u76f8\u624b\u304c\u5fdc\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304cEcho Request\u3092\u9001\u308a\u3001\u5b9b\u5148\u304cEcho Reply\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001\u7686\u3055\u3093\u304a\u306a\u3058\u307f\u306e<code>ping<\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u611f\u60c5\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u5143\u6c17\u304b\u3044\uff1f\uff08Request\uff09\u300d \u2192 \u300c\u5143\u6c17\u3060\u3088\uff01\uff08Reply\uff09\u300d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u30fc\u304c\u300e\u30a8\u30b3\u30fc\u300f\u3063\u3066\u9cf4\u3044\u3066\u8fd4\u4e8b\u3059\u308b\uff01\u300d(ping + Echo)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Destination Unreachable (Type 3)<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5f79\u5272\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9b\u5148\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3001\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u5230\u9054\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u3069\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u611f\u60c5\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u3082\u3046\u3001\u3042\u3066\u5148\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u56f0\u3063\u3061\u3083\u3063\u305f\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u30c7\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff09\u306b\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u30c1\u30e3\u30d6\u30eb\uff08\u5230\u9054\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\uff01\u300d\u3068\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Time Exceeded (Type 11)<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5f79\u5272\uff1a<\/strong> \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u4e0a\u3092\u65c5\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\uff08TTL: Time To Live\uff09\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002TTL\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u7121\u9650\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u9665\u308b\u306e\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u611f\u60c5\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u6642\u9593\u5207\u308c\u3060\u3001\u3054\u3081\u3093\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\uff08\u6642\u9593\uff09\u304c\u30a8\u30af\u30b7\u30fc\u30c7\u30c3\u30c9\uff08\u8d85\u904e\uff09\u3057\u305f\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3082\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3002Traceroute\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Redirect (Type 5)<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5f79\u5272\uff1a<\/strong> \u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304c\u6700\u9069\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9069\u5207\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u6559\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u3053\u3063\u3061\u306e\u9053\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u901f\u3044\u3088\uff01\u300d\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u611f\u60c5\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u305d\u3063\u3061\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3001\u3053\u3063\u3061\u3060\u3088\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u30ea\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\uff08\u7d4c\u8def\u5909\u66f4\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b\u306d\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u89aa\u5207\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3.3 Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\uff1a\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u65c5\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b<\/h4>\n<p>Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u306eICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff08\u7279\u306bTime Exceeded\u3068Echo Reply\uff09\u3092\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52d5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>TTL\u30921\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u5897\u3084\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u9001\u4fe1\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Traceroute\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3001TTL\uff08Time To Live\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5024\u3092\u300c1\u300d\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305fIP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u306fUDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3001Windows\u306e<code>tracert<\/code>\u306fICMP Echo Request\u3092\u5229\u7528\uff09\u3092\u5b9b\u5148\u306b\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>TTL\u304c1\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067TTL\u304c0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u300cTime Exceeded\u300d\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u306b\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3067\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b21\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\u3078\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6b21\u306b\u3001TTL\u3092\u300c2\u300d\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u30012\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067TTL\u304c0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u300cTime Exceeded\u300d\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u30672\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9b\u5148\u5230\u9054\u307e\u3067\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3001TTL\u306e\u5024\u30921\u3064\u305a\u3064\u5897\u3084\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u5b9b\u5148\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5b9b\u5148\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u306fUDP\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300cPort Unreachable\u300d\u306eICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u3001Windows\u306e<code>tracert<\/code>\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300cEcho Reply\u300d\u306eICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3067\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u7d42\u70b9\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5b9b\u5148\u3078\u306e\u5230\u9054\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u56f3\u89e3\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304b\u3089\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u5b9b\u5148\u3078\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u9001\u3089\u308c\u308b\u69d8\u5b50\u3092\u63cf\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067TTL\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u30010\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u300cTime Exceeded\u300d\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u306b\u8fd4\u3059\u77e2\u5370\u3092\u63cf\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5b9b\u5148\u304c\u300cPort Unreachable\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300cEcho Reply\u300d\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u69d8\u5b50\u3092\u63cf\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3001\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30bd\u30fc\u30eb\u753b\u9762\u306e\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306f\u3001IP\u901a\u4fe1\u304c\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3057\u3001\u554f\u984c\u767a\u751f\u6642\u306b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u300c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u76ee\u3068\u8033\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u306a\u305c\uff1f\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u6df1\u6398\u308a\u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n<p>IP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4e00\u6b69\u8e0f\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u300c\u306a\u305c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u3069\u3093\u306a\u6642\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u6df1\u6398\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u300c\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u77e5\u6075\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5909\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.1 ICMP\u304cIP\u901a\u4fe1\u306b\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u300d\u306a\u7406\u7531<\/h4>\n<p>IP\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\uff08\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u300c\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30a8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c8\u300d\u3067\u9001\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30a8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u306f\u3001\u300c\u304c\u3093\u3070\u3063\u3066\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3001\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u5c4a\u304f\u4fdd\u8a3c\u306f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002\u90f5\u4fbf\u3067\u4f8b\u3048\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5165\u308c\u305f\u3089\u3001\u3042\u3068\u306f\u90f5\u4fbf\u5c40\u306b\u4efb\u305b\u304d\u308a\u3002\u5c4a\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u7d1b\u5931\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u78ba\u8a8d\u306f\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001IP\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304c\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9b\u5148\u4e0d\u660e\u3001\u7d4c\u8def\u306a\u3057\uff1a<\/strong> \u9001\u308a\u5148\u306e\u4f4f\u6240\u304c\u9593\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3053\u3078\u884c\u304f\u9053\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3002IP\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3068\u3001\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u305f\u3060\u7834\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u5bb9\u91cf\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\uff1a<\/strong> \u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u4e2d\u7d99\u3059\u308b\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u6bba\u5230\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u7834\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6642\u9593\u5207\u308c\uff1a<\/strong> \u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u5faa\u74b0\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\uff09\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305fTTL\uff08Time To Live\uff09\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u300c\u56f0\u3063\u305f\uff01\u300d\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u306e\u304cICMP\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3067\u3059\u3002ICMP\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3053\u305d\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u306f\u554f\u984c\u306e\u767a\u751f\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002ICMP\u306fIP\u306e\u300c\u76ee\u3068\u8033\u300d\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u58f0\u300d\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057ICMP\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u307e\u308b\u3067\u6697\u95c7\u306e\u4e2d\u3092\u624b\u63a2\u308a\u3067\u9032\u3080\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300cICMP\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068<strong>I Can&#8217;t Manage Problem<\/strong>\uff08\u554f\u984c\u7ba1\u7406\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff09\uff01\u300d\u3068\u899a\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f ICMP\u306e\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3064\u3064\u3001\u305d\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.2 Traceroute\u304c\u300c\u7d4c\u8def\u7279\u5b9a\u300d\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u6df1\u6398\u308a<\/h4>\n<p>Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u304cICMP\u306eTime Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5de7\u307f\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u524d\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u306a\u305c\u300c\u7d4c\u8def\u7279\u5b9a\u300d\u306b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u901a\u4fe1\u306f\u3001\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304b\u3089\u5b9b\u5148\u307e\u3067\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3057\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u6700\u9069\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u8ee2\u9001\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u4e2d\u7d99\u70b9\u300d\u304c\u3069\u3053\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5404\u4e2d\u7d99\u70b9\u307e\u3067\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9045\u5ef6\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\uff1a<\/strong> Traceroute\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5404\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\uff08\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u6025\u306b\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u304c\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u9045\u5ef6\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u666e\u6bb5\u306f20ms\u306a\u306e\u306b\u3001\u6025\u306b500ms\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u304a\u3084\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u63a2\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u554f\u984c\u767a\u898b\uff1a<\/strong> \u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3084\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3084\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u6545\u969c\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u53ef\u8996\u5316\uff1a<\/strong> \u81ea\u5206\u306ePC\u304b\u3089\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30d0\u30a4\u30c0\u3084\u56fd\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u3082\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Traceroute\u306f\u3001\u307e\u308b\u3067GPS\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u8377\u7269\u8ffd\u8de1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5404\u4e2d\u7d99\u5730\u70b9\u3067\u300c\u4eca\u3053\u3053\u3060\u3088\uff01\u300d\u3068\u9023\u7d61\uff08Time Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\u304c\u6765\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9053\u306e\u308a\u3092\u5730\u56f3\u4e0a\u306b\u63cf\u3044\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u898b\u3048\u308b\u5316\u300d\u304c\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300cTraceroute\u306f<strong>T<\/strong>rouble <strong>R<\/strong>oot <strong>A<\/strong>nalysis <strong>C<\/strong>ommand <strong>E<\/strong>xactly\uff08\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6839\u6e90\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\uff09\uff01\u300d\u306e\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u899a\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u5370\u8c61\u306b\u6b8b\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u300c\u306a\u305c\u300d\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3084\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u5065\u5168\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u3001\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5b9f\u611f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u53b3\u9078\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u3068\u601d\u8003\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9<\/h3>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u3067\u3001ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306f\u3070\u3063\u3061\u308a\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u305f\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u306b\u6311\u6226\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u300c\u70b9\u6570\u300d\u306b\u7e4b\u3052\u308b\u7df4\u7fd2\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5358\u306b\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u899a\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u601d\u8003\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308a\u7740\u304f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u8ffd\u4f53\u9a13\u3059\u308b\u300c\u601d\u8003\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u300d\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.1 \u904e\u53bb\u554f1\uff1aICMP\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u3010\u554f\u984c\u3011<\/strong>\uff08\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13 \u5e73\u6210XX\u5e74 \u6625\u671f \u5348\u524d \u554fYY\uff09<br \/>\nIP\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u76f8\u624b\u3068\u306e\u5230\u9054\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u3084\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u7d4c\u8def\u4e0a\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u901a\u77e5\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<ol type=\"\u30a2\">\n<li>ARP<\/li>\n<li>DHCP<\/li>\n<li>ICMP<\/li>\n<li>SNMP<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u601d\u8003\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u554f\u984c\u6587\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u628a\u63e1\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u5230\u9054\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u300d\u300c\u901a\u4fe1\u7d4c\u8def\u4e0a\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u901a\u77e5\u300d\u304c\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u307e\u3055\u306b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u3067ICMP\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3059\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30a2. ARP\uff08Address Resolution Protocol\uff09\uff1aIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304b\u3089MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u4f4f\u6240\u306e\u5909\u63db\u5c4b\u3055\u3093\u300d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u901a\u77e5\u3068\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30a4. DHCP\uff08Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol\uff09\uff1aIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300cIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u914d\u5e03\u4fc2\u300d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3082\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u901a\u77e5\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30a6. ICMP\uff08Internet Control Message Protocol\uff09\uff1a\u307e\u3055\u306b\u300cIP\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u8a3a\u65ad\u58eb\uff06\u7dca\u6025\u9023\u7d61\u54e1\u300d\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff01\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u5831\u544a\u3084\u5230\u9054\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08ping\uff09\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30a8. SNMP\uff08Simple Network Management Protocol\uff09\uff1a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u76e3\u8996\u3084\u7ba1\u7406\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3082\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u7ba1\u7406\u306b\u306f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306aIP\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u901a\u77e5\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3076\uff1a<\/strong> \u554f\u984c\u6587\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u6700\u3082\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300cICMP\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b63\u89e3\uff1a\u30a6 [cite: 32, 29]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nICMP\u306f\u300c<strong>I<\/strong>nternet <strong>C<\/strong>ontrol <strong>M<\/strong>essage <strong>P<\/strong>rotocol\u300d\u306e\u7565\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7279\u306b\u300cControl Message\u300d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u300c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\uff08\u5236\u5fa1\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u9001\u308b\u300d\u3068\u899a\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u901a\u77e5\u3084\u8a3a\u65ad\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u904e\u53bb\u554f2\uff1aTraceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u3010\u554f\u984c\u3011<\/strong>\uff08\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13 \u5e73\u6210XX\u5e74 \u79cb\u671f \u5348\u524d \u554fYY\uff09<br \/>\ntraceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u304c\u3001\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304b\u3089\u5b9b\u5148\u307e\u3067\u306eIP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<ol type=\"\u30a2\">\n<li>ICMP\u306eEcho Request\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068Echo Reply\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eTTL\uff08Time To Live\uff09\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001ICMP\u306eTime Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n<li>UDP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u5230\u9054\u53ef\u5426\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ARP\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30ad\u30b7ARP\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u306eMAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u601d\u8003\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u554f\u984c\u6587\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u628a\u63e1\uff1a<\/strong> \u300ctraceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u300d\u300cIP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u300d\u300c\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u300d\u304c\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traceroute\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3059\uff1a<\/strong> \u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f33.3\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001Traceroute\u306fTTL\u30921\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u5897\u3084\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u308a\u3001\u5404\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u300cTime Exceeded\u300d\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5b9b\u5148\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001UDP\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300cPort Unreachable\u300d\u3001Windows\u306e<code>tracert<\/code>\u306f\u300cEcho Reply\u300d\u304c\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u7279\u5b9a\u306b\u306fTTL\u3068Time Exceeded\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30a2. ICMP\u306eEcho Request\/Reply\u306f<code>ping<\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u3067\u3082Windows\u7248\u306e<code>tracert<\/code>\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7d4c\u8def\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u7279\u5b9a\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u95a2\u4fc2\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30a4. \u300cIP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eTTL\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001ICMP\u306eTime Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306bTraceroute\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u7279\u5b9a\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30a6. UDP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5c64\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30a8. ARP\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30ad\u30b7ARP\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u3067ARP\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u4e2d\u7d99\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u3001\u7d4c\u8def\u8abf\u67fb\u3068\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u95a2\u4fc2\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3076\uff1a<\/strong> Traceroute\u306e\u6839\u5e79\u3092\u306a\u3059\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b63\u89e3\uff1a\u30a4 [cite: 32, 29]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nTraceroute\u306e\u300cT\u300d\u306f\u300cTTL\u300d\u306e\u300cT\u300d\u3068\u899a\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u304c\u3001IP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306e\u300cTTL\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u3044\u3058\u3063\u3066\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3092\u899a\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306a\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3068\u3001\u5404\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u529b\u3082\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u672a\u6765\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u984c\u4e88\u60f3\uff1a\u9032\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3068ICMP\u30fbTraceroute\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9854<\/h3>\n<p>\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u50be\u5411\u3082\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002IP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6280\u8853\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u5148\u53d6\u308a\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.1 IPv6\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u3067\u306eICMP\u3068Traceroute<\/h4>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u306fIPv4\u304b\u3089IPv6\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002IPv6\u3067\u306f\u3001ICMP\u3082\u300cICMPv6\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306fIPv4\u306eICMP\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u5c90\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u8fd1\u96a3\u63a2\u7d22\uff08Neighbor Discovery Protocol: NDP\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u89e3\u6c7a\u3084\u81ea\u52d5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u51fa\u984c\u4e88\u60f3\uff1a<\/strong> IPv6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMPv6\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u5f79\u5272\uff08NDP\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3084\u3001IPv4\u306eICMP\u3068\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001IPv6\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08<code>traceroute6<\/code>\u3084<code>tracert -6<\/code>\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u7fd2\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> ICMPv6\u304cNDP\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u89e3\u6c7a\u3084\u91cd\u8907\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u691c\u51fa\u3001\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u63a2\u7d22\u306a\u3069\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002IPv4\u306eARP\u3084DHCP\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u6a5f\u80fd\u304cICMPv6\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u308b\u306e\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300cIPv6\u306eICMPv6\u306f<strong>N<\/strong>ew <strong>D<\/strong>iscovery <strong>P<\/strong>rotocol\uff08\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u767a\u898b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\uff09\u3067\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u300e\u81ea\u52d5\u300f\u3067\u3084\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u982d\u6587\u5b57NDP\u3068\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u899a\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.2 \u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a3a\u65ad<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f01\u696d\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u30aa\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30df\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u4e0a\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u304c\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u30d7\u30ed\u30d0\u30a4\u30c0\uff08AWS, Azure, GCP\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3067Traceroute\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3084\u3001\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a3a\u65ad\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u51fa\u984c\u4e88\u60f3\uff1a<\/strong> \u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u74b0\u5883\u7279\u6709\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\uff08VPC\/VNet\u3001VPN\u3001Direct Connect\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u901a\u4fe1\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u3001\u4eee\u60f3\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u306eICMP\/Traceroute\u306e\u6319\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u5074\u306e\u8a3a\u65ad\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u3082\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u7fd2\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3067<code>ping<\/code>\u3084<code>traceroute<\/code>\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\uff09\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3084NACL\uff08\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30afACL\uff09\u304cICMP\u901a\u4fe1\u306b\u3069\u3046\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u70b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300c\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u306eTraceroute\u306f\u300e\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u9053\u300f\u3092\u300e\u898b\u3048\u308b\u5316\u300f\u3059\u308b\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u4eee\u60f3\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u899a\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.3 \u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3068ICMP\/Traceroute<\/h4>\n<p>ICMP\u3084Traceroute\u306f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a3a\u65ad\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u53ce\u96c6\u3084\u653b\u6483\uff08DoS\u653b\u6483\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u60aa\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u3067ICMP\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5bfe\u7b56\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u51fa\u984c\u4e88\u60f3\uff1a<\/strong> ICMP\/Traceroute\u304c\u60aa\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\uff08Ping of Death\u3001Smurf\u653b\u6483\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3084\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5bfe\u7b56\uff08ICMP\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3001IDS\/IPS\u3067\u306e\u691c\u77e5\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u78ba\u4fdd\u652f\u63f4\u58eb\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u7279\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u7fd2\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> ICMP\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3068\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u653b\u6483\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u3084IDS\/IPS\u3067\u306eICMP\/Traceroute\u306e\u6271\u308f\u308c\u65b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300cICMP\u306f\u300e<strong>\u8af8\u5203\u306e\u5263<\/strong>\u300f\uff01\u8a3a\u65ad\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3051\u3069\u3001\u60aa\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5371\u967a\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3093\u3060\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u4e21\u9762\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u523b\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8a66\u9a13\u5bfe\u7b56\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u904b\u7528\u3084\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5bfe\u7b56\u306b\u3082\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u5fdc\u7528\u529b\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\uff01<\/p>\n<h3>7. \u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u9023\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\uff1aICMP\u3068Traceroute\u304c\u7e54\u308a\u306a\u3059\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u4e16\u754c<\/h3>\n<p>IP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306f\u3001\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3084\u6280\u8853\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u9023\u643a\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5229\u7528\u3092\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6280\u8853\u304cOSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u3069\u306e\u5c64\u3067\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u300c\u95a2\u9023\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.1 OSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\uff1a\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b<\/h4>\n<p>OSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u30927\u3064\u306e\u5c64\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u7b2c3\u5c64\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\u3067\u6d3b\u8e8d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u5c64\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u6df1\u304f\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c7\u5c64\uff1a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5c64 (\u4f8b: HTTP, DNS)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u666e\u6bb5\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308bWeb\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u3084\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\uff08UDP\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff09\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u756a\u53f7\uff0833434\u756a\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u5897\u3048\u3066\u3044\u304f\uff09\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u6700\u4e0a\u968e\uff087\u968e\uff09\u306f\u300e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u300f\u3067\u904a\u3076\u5834\u6240\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c4\u5c64\uff1a\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u5c64 (\u4f8b: TCP, UDP)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u9593\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\uff08\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u9593\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3084\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u5236\u5fa1\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u306f\u901a\u5e38UDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u5b9b\u5148\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306bICMP Port Unreachable\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5230\u9054\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002Windows\u306e<code>tracert<\/code>\u306fICMP Echo Request\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c4\u5c64\u306f\u300e\u4ea4\u901a\u6574\u7406\u300f\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u5c4a\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3002TCP\u306f\u300c\u4e01\u5be7\u306a\u300d\u3001UDP\u306f\u300c\u304a\u304a\u3056\u3063\u3071\u306a\u300d\u4ea4\u901a\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c3\u5c64\uff1a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64 (\u4f8b: IP, ICMP)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u7d4c\u8def\u9078\u629e\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002ICMP\u306fIP\u3092\u88dc\u52a9\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u5831\u544a\u3084\u8a3a\u65ad\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u306f\u3001IP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eTTL\uff08Time To Live\uff09\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3068ICMP\u306eTime Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u304c\u3001ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u4e3b\u6226\u5834\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c3\u5c64\u306f\u300e\u4f4f\u6240\u3068\u9053\u6848\u5185\u300f\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u53f8\u308b\u5c64\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u899a\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002IP\u306f\u300c\u4f4f\u6240\u300d\u3001ICMP\u306f\u300c\u90f5\u4fbf\u5c40\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u4fc2\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c2\u5c64\uff1a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u5c64 (\u4f8b: Ethernet, ARP)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6a5f\u5668\u9593\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304b\u3089MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308bARP\uff08Address Resolution Protocol\uff09\u3082\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3082\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u3067MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u4e0a\u3092\u6d41\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c2\u5c64\u306f\u300e\u96a3\u4eba\u95a2\u4fc2\u300f\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u304a\u96a3\u3055\u3093\u3068\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3002ARP\u306f\u300c\u304a\u96a3\u3055\u3093\u306e\u4f4f\u6240\uff08MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\uff09\u6559\u3048\u3066\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u805e\u304f\u5f79\u5272\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c1\u5c64\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5c64 (\u4f8b: \u30b1\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb, \u7121\u7dda\u4fe1\u53f7)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u9001\u53d7\u4fe1\uff08\u96fb\u6c17\u4fe1\u53f7\u3084\u5149\u4fe1\u53f7\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002ICMP\u3084Traceroute\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3082\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u3067\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u9001\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c1\u5c64\u306f\u300e\u7dda\u3068\u96fb\u6ce2\u300f\uff01\u300d\u3068\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u56f3\u89e3\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e7\u5c64\u3092\u7e26\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u3001\u5404\u5c64\u306e\u6a2a\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\uff08IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, HTTP\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u304cIP\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u4e0a\u4e0b\u306e\u5c64\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u9023\u643a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e2\u5370\u306a\u3069\u3067\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u306b\u3001Traceroute\u304c\u300cIP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eTTL\u300d\u3068\u300cICMP Time Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u300d\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>7.2 \u95a2\u9023\u6280\u8853\u30fb\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3068\u306e\u9023\u643a\uff1a\u5b9f\u8df5\u3067\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a<\/h4>\n<p>ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4f53\u3067\u4f7f\u3046\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3084\u6280\u8853\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a3a\u65ad\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ping\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\uff1a<\/strong> ICMP Echo Request\/Reply\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u5230\u9054\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u304c\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u300c\u8ffd\u8de1\u300d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001ping\u306f\u300c\u5230\u9054\u78ba\u8a8d\u300d\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>netstat\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\uff1a<\/strong> \u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u63a5\u7d9a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3084\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3068\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\/ACL (Access Control List)\uff1a<\/strong> ICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u901a\u904e\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u306eICMP\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3092\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3092\u4f4e\u6e1b\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\uff08RIP, OSPF, BGP\u306a\u3069\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u9593\u3067\u7d4c\u8def\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4ea4\u63db\u3057\u3001\u6700\u9069\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3084\u6280\u8853\u304c\u300c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u300e\u9053\u5177\u7bb1\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u300e\u9053\u5177\u300f\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002ping\u306f\u300c\u7c21\u6613\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u300d\u3001netstat\u306f\u300c\u914d\u7dda\u56f3\u300d\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u300c\u9632\u72af\u30ab\u30e1\u30e9\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u9580\u300d\u3001\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306f\u300c\u9053\u6848\u5185\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5177\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u3092\u5358\u4f53\u3067\u6349\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30d1\u30ba\u30eb\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u6709\u6a5f\u7684\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u306b\u304f\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8. \u3042\u306a\u305f\u3060\u3051\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\uff1aICMP\u3068Traceroute\u3092\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3078<\/h3>\n<p>IP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u6280\u8853\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u3084\u9ad8\u5ea6IT\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u5408\u683c\u306f\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u3001\u5b9f\u52d9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u4eca\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u5ea6\u3068\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u76ee\u6a19\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u3069\u3046\u9032\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u300c\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\u300d\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u63cf\u3044\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>8.1 \u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5411\u3051\uff1a\u307e\u305a\u306f\u57fa\u790e\u56fa\u3081\u304b\u3089\uff01<\/h4>\n<p>\u300c\u307e\u3060\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u304c\u30d5\u30ef\u30c3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u2026\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u7126\u3089\u305a\u3001\u307e\u305a\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u3092\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u56fa\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d71\uff1aOSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068TCP\/IP\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>ICMP\u3084IP\u304c\u3069\u306e\u5c64\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3068\u3069\u3046\u9023\u643a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3001\u56f3\u89e3\u306a\u3069\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5c64\u304c\u300c\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u5206\u62c5\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u300e\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0TCP\/IP \u5165\u9580\u7de8\u300f\uff1a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u66f8\u7c4d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5c11\u3057\u5206\u539a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IPA\u304c\u516c\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u30fb\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u78ba\u4fdd\u652f\u63f4\u58eb\u8a66\u9a13 \u8a66\u9a13\u8981\u7db1\u300d\uff1a\u5404\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u5206\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u7bc4\u56f2\u3084\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u611f\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 [cite: 2, 77]\u3002\u7279\u306b\u300c7. [cite_start]\u51fa\u984c\u7bc4\u56f2\u300d\u306e\u300c\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u7cfb\u300d\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3084\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 [cite: 347]\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nOSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e7\u968e\u5c64\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3042\u3001\u30d7\u3001\u30bb\u3001\u30c8\u3001\u30cd\u3001\u30c7\u3001\u30d6\u300d\uff08\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3001\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u3001\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3001\u7269\u7406\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a9e\u5442\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3067\u899a\u3048\u308b\u306e\u304c\u5b9a\u756a\u3067\u3059\u3002ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306f\u300c\u30cd\u300d\uff08\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\uff09\u306b\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d72\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u89e6\u3063\u3066\u307f\u308b<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code>ping<\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3084<code>traceroute<\/code>\uff08Windows\u3067\u306f<code>tracert<\/code>\uff09\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306ePC\u3067\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u81ea\u5b85\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3084\u3001\u3088\u304f\u898b\u308b\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u4f53\u611f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5404\u7a2eOS\uff08Windows, macOS, Linux\uff09\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\uff1a<code>ping<\/code>\u3084<code>traceroute<\/code>\u306e\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\uff08Packet Tracer\u306a\u3069\uff09\uff1a\u4eee\u60f3\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u8a66\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300c\u767e\u805e\u306f\u4e00\u898b\u306b\u3057\u304b\u305a\u300d\u306a\u3089\u306c\u300c\u767e\u898b\u306f\u4e00\u4f53\u9a13\u306b\u3057\u304b\u305a\u300d\uff01\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u624b\u3092\u52d5\u304b\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u6253\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u5b9a\u7740\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>8.2 \u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u5bfe\u7b56\uff1a\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u5b9a\u7740\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\uff01<\/h4>\n<p>\u3059\u3067\u306b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u5408\u683c\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d71\uff1a\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u6f14\u7fd2\u3068\u6df1\u6398\u308a\u89e3\u8aac<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f35\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u3092\u3001\u6570\u591a\u304f\u89e3\u3044\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u9593\u9055\u3048\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3084\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u66d6\u6627\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u66f8\u7c4d\u3084\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u6df1\u6398\u308a\u89e3\u8aac\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5fdc\u7528\u60c5\u5831\u6280\u8853\u8005\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u984c\u96c6\uff1a\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u50be\u5411\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u8907\u6570\u518a\u7528\u610f\u3057\u3001\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u89e3\u304f\u306e\u304c\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8a66\u9a13\u5bfe\u7b56\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u7d5e\u3063\u305f\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u89e3\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u306f\u300c\u5b9d\u306e\u5c71\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u304c\u5f62\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u300c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3042\u306e\u6642\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3068\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305e\uff01\u300d\u3068\u6c17\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u5fc3\u304c\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d72\uff1aIPv6\u3068\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5f37\u5316<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f36\u3067\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001IPv6\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u3067\u306eICMPv6\u3084\u3001ICMP\/Traceroute\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u4e0a\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3068\u5bfe\u7b56\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>IPv6\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u66f8\u3084Web\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a\u7279\u306bICMPv6\u306eNDP\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IPA\u304c\u516c\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u767d\u66f8\u3084\u3001JPCERT\/CC\u306a\u3069\u306eWeb\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff1a\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u52d5\u5411\u3084\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5bfe\u7b56\u306e\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u304c\u5b66\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6280\u8853\u306f\u300e\u53e4\u3044\u6280\u8853\u306e\u5ef6\u9577\u7dda\u4e0a\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300f\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002IPv6\u306eICMPv6\u306f\u3001IPv4\u306eICMP\u3084ARP\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u300c\u3088\u308a\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u826f\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>8.3 \u9ad8\u5ea6IT\u8a66\u9a13\uff08\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u7b49\uff09\u5bfe\u7b56\uff1a\u5b9f\u8df5\u3068\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316<\/h4>\n<p>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u9ad8\u307f\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u8a66\u9a13\u306a\u3069\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6IT\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u6311\u6226\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u30fb\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d71\uff1a\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u554f\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u529b\u5f37\u5316<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u969c\u5bb3\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3084\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u554f\u984c\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001ICMP\u3084Traceroute\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u6df1\u304f\u8003\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u7df4\u7fd2\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6280\u8853\u3092\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3082\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ad8\u5ea6IT\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u984c\u96c6\uff08\u7279\u306b\u5348\u5f8cI\u3001\u5348\u5f8cII\u554f\u984c\uff09\uff1a\u9577\u6587\u306e\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u554f\u984c\u306b\u6163\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u3084\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4f8b\uff1aCisco\u3084Juniper\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30b9\u30a4\u30c3\u30c1\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u6e67\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d72\uff1a\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u30ad\u30e3\u30d7\u30c1\u30e3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Wireshark\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u6d41\u308c\u308bICMP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3084Traceroute\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30d7\u30c1\u30e3\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u60c5\u5831\u3084\u5404\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u5024\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u304c\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Wireshark\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3084\u89e3\u8aac\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff1a\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3084\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u7a2eRFC\uff08Request for Comments\uff09\uff1aICMP\u3084IP\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306fRFC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u3044\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306a\u8a73\u7d30\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u306b\u306f\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff08\u4f8b: RFC 792 for ICMPv4, RFC 4443 for ICMPv6\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300c\u672c\u7269\u3092\u898b\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u300d\u304c\u6700\u5f37\u306e\u899a\u3048\u65b9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u30ad\u30e3\u30d7\u30c1\u30e3\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u300c\u4e2d\u8eab\u300d\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u300c\u751f\u304d\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u4e00\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3054\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3084\u8208\u5473\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u306d\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u697d\u3057\u307f\u3001\u77e5\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u305a\u306b\u63a2\u6c42\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5fdc\u63f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n<h3>9. \u7406\u89e3\u5ea6\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\uff06\u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u30af\u30a4\u30ba<\/h3>\n<p>\u3055\u3066\u3001\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067IP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6df1\u304f\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u5b9a\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u8155\u8a66\u3057\u3092\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01\u5c11\u3057\u3072\u306d\u3063\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3084\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u529b\u3092\u8a66\u3059\u554f\u984c\u3082\u7528\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9811\u5f35\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u306d\uff01<\/p>\n<h4>9.1 \u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff1aICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u554f\u984c1\uff1a<\/strong> \u6b21\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001ICMP\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u3057\u3066<strong>\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e<\/strong>\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f<\/p>\n<ol type=\"A\">\n<li>\u901a\u4fe1\u76f8\u624b\u3078\u306e\u5230\u9054\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u4fe1\u7d4c\u8def\u4e0a\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u306b\u901a\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u5909\u63db\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u8a3a\u65ad\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u7b54\u3068\u89e3\u8aac\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6b63\u89e3\u306f C \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A, B, D \u306fICMP\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b<code>ping<\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u5230\u9054\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u3001Time Exceeded\u3084Destination Unreachable\u306f\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u901a\u77e5\u3084\u8a3a\u65ad\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>C \u306e\u300cIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u5909\u63db\u300d\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306bARP\uff08Address Resolution Protocol\uff09\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3067\u3059\u3002ICMP\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nICMP\u306f\u300c<strong>I Can&#8217;t Manage Problem<\/strong>\uff08\u554f\u984c\u7ba1\u7406\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff09\uff01\u300d\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u56f0\u308b\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u300c\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u4fc2\u300d\u3068\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002ARP\u306f\u300c\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u89e3\u6c7a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u300d\u3067\u300c\u4f4f\u6240\u306e\u5909\u63db\u5c4b\u3055\u3093\u300d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u554f\u984c2\uff1a<\/strong> Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u304c\u3001\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u304b\u3089\u5b9b\u5148\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6700\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308bICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u306a\u308bIP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f<\/p>\n<ol type=\"A\">\n<li>ICMP Echo Request \/ Echo Reply\u3001IP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eProtocol\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9<\/li>\n<li>ICMP Destination Unreachable\u3001IP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eSource Address\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9<\/li>\n<li>ICMP Time Exceeded\u3001IP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eTime To Live (TTL)\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9<\/li>\n<li>ICMP Redirect\u3001IP\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306eDestination Address\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u7b54\u3068\u89e3\u8aac\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6b63\u89e3\u306f C \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Traceroute\u306f\u3001IP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306eTTL\u5024\u3092\u64cd\u4f5c\u3057\u3001TTL\u304c0\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u969b\u306b\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308bICMP Time Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\uff08\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>A \u306f<code>ping<\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u52d5\u4f5c\u3067\u3059\u3002B \u3084 D \u306f\u3001Traceroute\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u7279\u5b9a\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nTraceroute\u306e\u300cT\u300d\u306f\u300cTTL\u300d\u306e\u300cT\u300d\u3068\u899a\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01\u6642\u9593\u304c\u300cExceeded\uff08\u8d85\u904e\uff09\u300d\u3057\u305f\u3089\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>9.2 \u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u30af\u30a4\u30ba\uff1a\u5fdc\u7528\u529b\u3092\u8a66\u3059\uff01<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u554f\u984c3\uff1a<\/strong> \u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u62c5\u5f53\u3059\u308bWeb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u6025\u306b\u9045\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002ping\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067Web\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u3078\u306e\u758e\u901a\u306f\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9577\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5224\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f<\/p>\n<ol type=\"A\">\n<li>Web\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u306eCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u304c\u7570\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Web\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u30d0\u30b0\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u5b9a\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8ca0\u8377\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u6b21\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\u9593\u306e\u56de\u7dda\u306b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8PC\u306eDNS\u8a2d\u5b9a\u304c\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u7b54\u3068\u89e3\u8aac\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6b63\u89e3\u306f C \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ping\u3067\u758e\u901a\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001Web\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Traceroute\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u304c\u9577\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u81ea\u4f53\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6b21\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u533a\u9593\u3067\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u5897\u5927\u3001\u56de\u7dda\u54c1\u8cea\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u30df\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>A\u3084B\u306fWeb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u5185\u90e8\u3084\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001Traceroute\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u304c\u9577\u304f\u306a\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002D\u306f\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082Web\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u3078\u306e\u5230\u9054\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nTraceroute\u306f\u300c\u7d4c\u8def\u63a2\u5075\u300d\u3067\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002\u63a2\u5075\u304c\u300c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u8db3\u8de1\u304c\u6b62\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305e\uff01\u300d\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u6240\uff08\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u306b\u4f55\u304b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3001\u3068\u9023\u60f3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u554f\u984c4\uff1a<\/strong> IPv6\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u8a3a\u65ad\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u3001IPv4\u306eARP\uff08IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304b\u3089MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\uff09\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u4ee3\u66ff\u3059\u308bICMPv6\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f<\/p>\n<ol type=\"A\">\n<li>Echo Request \/ Echo Reply<\/li>\n<li>Time Exceeded<\/li>\n<li>Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)<\/li>\n<li>Router Solicitation \/ Router Advertisement<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u7b54\u3068\u89e3\u8aac\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6b63\u89e3\u306f C \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IPv6\u3067\u306f\u3001ARP\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306aIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304b\u3089MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\uff08\u8fd1\u96a3\u63a2\u7d22\uff09\u306f\u3001ICMPv6\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308bNDP\uff08Neighbor Discovery Protocol\uff09\u304c\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002NDP\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8fd1\u96a3\u8981\u8acb\uff08Neighbor Solicitation\uff09\u3068\u8fd1\u96a3\u901a\u77e5\uff08Neighbor Advertisement\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>D \u3082ICMPv6\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u63a2\u7d22\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u901a\u77e5\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3001ARP\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u4ee3\u66ff\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#x1f4a1; \u899a\u3048\u65b9\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u300cIPv6\u306eICMPv6\u306f<strong>N<\/strong>ew <strong>D<\/strong>iscovery <strong>P<\/strong>rotocol\u3067\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u300e\u81ea\u52d5\u300f\u3067\u3084\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff01\u300d\u3068\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002NDP\u304c\u3001IPv4\u6642\u4ee3\u306eARP\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3082\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u304a\u75b2\u308c\u69d8\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff01\u4f55\u554f\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f\u3082\u3057\u9593\u9055\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u300c\u4f38\u3073\u3057\u308d\u300d\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8a3c\u62e0\u3002\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u89e3\u8aac\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fd4\u3057\u3066\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01<\/p>\n<h3>10. \u6700\u7d42\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff1a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u300c\u8a00\u8449\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5730\u56f3\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3053\u306a\u305d\u3046\uff01<\/h3>\n<p>\u9577\u3044\u9053\u306e\u308a\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u304a\u75b2\u308c\u69d8\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff01\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001IP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u5965\u6df1\u3055\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u63a2\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308a\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>10.1 ICMP\u3068Traceroute\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d<\/h4>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<p>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u3067\u3042\u308bIP\u306f\u300c\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30a8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c8\u300d\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u691c\u51fa\u3084\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001ICMP\u304c\u305d\u306e\u9699\u9593\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u8a3a\u65ad\u58eb\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u901a\u77e5\u3084\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u5831\u544a\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u306d [cite: 1, 2]\u3002\u3082\u3057ICMP\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u7279\u5b9a\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001Traceroute\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306eICMP\uff08\u7279\u306bTime Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\u3092\u5de7\u307f\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8fbf\u3063\u3066\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u300c\u898b\u3048\u308b\u5316\u300d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u300c\u7d4c\u8def\u63a2\u5075\u300d\u3067\u3057\u305f [cite: 1, 2]\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u9045\u5ef6\u7b87\u6240\u3084\u9014\u7d76\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3068\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u904b\u7528\u3084\u969c\u5bb3\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u300c\u6b66\u5668\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u305f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>10.2 \u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u5b9f\u8df5\u3078\u306e\u5fdc\u7528<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<li><strong>OSI\u53c2\u7167\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068TCP\/IP\u3067\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed8\u3051\uff1a<\/strong> ICMP\u306fIP\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5c64\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002Traceroute\u306fIP\u306eTTL\u3068ICMP\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5404\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059 [cite: 1, 2]\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u306aICMP\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\uff1a<\/strong> Echo Request\/Reply (ping) [cite: 1][cite_start], Destination Unreachable, Time Exceeded [cite: 1, 2][cite_start], Redirect [cite: 1] \u306a\u3069\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Traceroute\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> TTL\u5024\u30921\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u5897\u3084\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089Time Exceeded\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 [cite: 1, 2]\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[cite_start]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u672a\u6765\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\uff1a<\/strong> IPv6\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306eICMPv6\uff08NDP\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u5f79\u5272 [cite: 1, 2][cite_start]\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306e\u8a3a\u65ad\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bICMP\/Traceroute\u306e\u60aa\u7528\u3068\u5bfe\u7b56 [cite: 1] \u306f\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u3082\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u6d3b\u7528\uff1a<\/strong> <code>ping<\/code>\u3084<code>traceroute<\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u4f55\u304c\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u7df4\u7fd2\u3092\u91cd\u306d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u30ad\u30e3\u30d7\u30c1\u30e3\u3067\u4e2d\u8eab\u3092\u8997\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308b\u306e\u3082\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>10.3 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